Put a comma after the first page of the article if you want to refer to a particular page or set of pages: If the year serves as the volume identifier, put the year in square brackets [ ]. The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. Below you will find guidance and examples of how to set out a footnote reference to a book with two or threeauthorsandin the bibliography. The list is organised by type of source, and then alphabetically. It is the Law referencing system created by Oxford University. Round brackets ( ) are used when the year is not necessary to identify the relevant volume of the journal (e.g. Including quotations for more details. In footnotes write the first authors name followed by and others. concept X, not concept X). Alison L Young, In Defence of Due Deference (2009) 72 MLR 554. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name. Retrieved 27 February 2023, When referencing a source that is online other than a journal or book, cite the name of the author (or institution), followed by the title of the webpage. You should cite all publications with an ISBN as if they were books, whether you read them online or in hard copy. Subsequent citations of secondary sources: use the author's or authors' surname(s): 1. SCRIPTed uses the Oxford comma, e.g. Running numbers for House of Commons Bills are put in square brackets; those for House of Lords Bills are not. not a result of a search in a database). The bibliographyat the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. Example: Topping S, Beck D and Wilson P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). Authors are responsible for ensuring that necessary amendments are carried out in light of Referee recommendations. Don't worry, you can come back and edit the reference if you need to correct or add any information. Abbe Brown et al.). Statues are divided into parts, sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs. You should then follow the title with publication information in brackets. If citing an online encyclopedia, give the URL and date of access: See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.2.6 for more details. For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 1.5. (See our abbreviations section below for further guidance). use cannot, not cant; do not, not dont, etc). OR use s for Section in the middle of a sentence. hUmo0+U-vB"0V ~pQC@I:~g@a2g=fQB88FS (TPDd=B`a9It2WdRA,L. The authors name should be centred under the title and in lower case italics (e.g. There is no need to list the authors qualifications. Square brackets [ ] are used when theyear is crucial to identify the relevant volume of the journal(e.g. They should only be produced by means of the word processors automatic footnote function (with Arabic numerals, consecutively numbered). Where there is no title, use the name of the case in italics instead, and add (note) at the end of the citation: See3.3.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. Books - OSCOLA - LibGuides at Coventry University How to reference books One author Multiple authors Chapter in an edited book Books Author, Title of the Book (Edition, Publisher Year) Footnote Example 1 Steve Foster, How to Write Better Law Essays (4th edn, Pearson 2016). When citing more than one paragraph, place the numbers in square brackets. 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. an article/pdf/ebook is available anywhere in print format, you should cite it as you would a printed piece of work (even if you have read it online). When the previous reference to the source was in an earlier footnote (i.e. El Gharras, H. 2009. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, andis widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. For multiple authors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. when there is no volume number). In the Bibliographythe surname is provided first, followed by the initial of the first name: If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. Use the following format to cite cases. For example, the following is a citation of volume 3, page 75 of Blackstones Commentaries on the Laws of England: OSCOLA provides a list of these abbreviations in their full guide, section 4.2.3. If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. For further references to the case, use a short form of the case name and a cross-citation in brackets to the original footnote. Use a short version of the title if the full title is longer than three words. It is widely used in law schools and by journal and book publishers in the UK and beyond. Full citation (including footnote number for illustration) 3 John Knowles, Effective Legal Research (4 th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2016) 33.. Authors' surname and cross-citation to footnote number 3. If youre citing a case before 1865, it doesnt require the court. 13 Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011) 32, The only difference is the author is now listed surname first for the first author and you do not include page numbers, Author,Title(edition, Publisher | year), Jones Hand C Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011), For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. For example: Another alternative, particularly if the podcast is quite long, would be to provide the minutes and seconds of the excerpt: Author, 'Title' (additional information, publisher year), Footnote: For example: Use an indented paragraph, no quotation marks and a line space above and below. Enter in alphabetical order in the Secondary Sources. You should cite an Act by its short title and year in roman, using capitals for the major words. List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. the name of the journal in roman, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops; and. In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. If neither of these is the case, use J for judge, e.g. Footnote text should follow the rules stated above in Text, save that all numbers should be given as figures. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. Book. See3.4.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. [2] For example, if you used a book as a source that was written by Harry Potter and Luna Lovegood, your Works Cited entry would start "Potter, Harry." When asked about the role of a newspapers proprietor Rupert Murdoch said: Section 4(2) of the Human Rights Act 1998 states in s 4(2) of the Human Rights Act 1998 and in ss 6-9 of that Act Clarkson CMV and Keating HM and Cunningham SR. 1. Number under 100 are written in full (e.g. Do not use an ampersand (&). For multiple authors or editors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. Bibliography: If submissions are made in a language other than English, the Title and Abstract (not exceeding 250 words) must also be submitted in English. do not write See n. 12.). 428 0 obj <>stream 1. OSCOLA stands for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. Treat case notes with titles as if they are journal articles. Dimas S, EU Environment Commissioner, 'Improving Environmental Quality through Carbon Trading' (Speech at the Carbon Expo Conference, Kln, 2 May 2007) accessed 29 May 2011. Be aware of the difference before and after 1996. If no individual author is identified, but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility for the work, then cite it as the author. You can search by abbreviation to find the title, or by title to find the abbreviation. British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) comments by MatthewThompson, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford accessed 15 April 2014. If you read a book in a language other than English (eg, you read a book written in German), cite the primary source in the original language: Cite a book review in the same way as a journal article, but without the quote marks. If the judge is a peer, refer to them as Lord, e.g. Your email address will not be published. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.4.8 for more details. In-text citations & footnotes OSCOLA uses a footnote citation system. A full, searchable index of these abbreviations can be found here. Explanatory Notes to the Charities Act 2006, para 15. Lord Williams. To use a footnote, put a superscript number into your text and then the footnote at the bottom of the page. A pinpoint is a precise reference to the part of a judgment or report through numbered paragraphs or page numbers. In subsequent citations, briefly identify the source, and give the footnote number where the full citation can be found. Our comprehensive guide refers to the 4th edition of OSCOLA produced by the University of Oxford. Secondary sources include books, journal articles, legal blogs, encyclopedias like Halsbury's, Topic guides in Westlaw, and anything that isn't 'the law'. Gunther Teubner, Legal Irritants: Good Faith in British Law or How Unifying Law Ends up in New Divergences [1998] MLR 11. The rules for referring to parts of statutory instruments are the same as those referring to parts of statues. %%EOF Example: Samuel Topping and others, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). Journal Article. You should show the reader that you have used a range of sources in your work, which they could then find themselves. See below for more details on organising the bibliography. If you cant find a judgement in one of these general series you should refer to a specialist series of law reports such as the Family Law Reports. HL Deb OR HC Deb | date, | volume, | column. Herberg J, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989), UNICEF Country programme document: China (10 August 2015) E/ICEF/2015/P/L.22, UNHCR Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa. Use HL for the House of Lords, CA for the Court of Appeal, QB, CH and F for the division of the High Court, and Com Ct for the Commercial Court within the Queens Bench Division. accessed 17 November 2014. If a footnote references more than one work by the same author or authors, or refers to a prior footnote containing more than one work, please cite the surname(s) of the author(s), a shortened title of the work being cited, and the footnote where it first appears, e.g. A footnote always ends with a full stop: To save space in OSCOLA citations, abbreviations are used for the names of various publications and legal bodies. Hansard is the official transcript of parliamentary debates in the UK. If there is a separate volume number, put the year in round brackets(). Edward Dove, Jiahong Chen, and Laurence Diver). Ensure that all punctuation is within the quotes (e.g. A longer dash is used to separate a sentence from a side remark (e.g. Journal of International Business Studies. When citing journal articles which have been published only electronically, give publication details as for articles in hard copy journals, but note that online journals may lack some of the publication elements (for example, many do not include page numbers). Please ensure there is a full stop at the end of every footnote. For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 1.1 and 1.2. Alison L Young, 'In Defence of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. (Mr or Mrs Justice Smith should be called Smith J in your text). ), Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), available at, Mike Morel, A Brief Chance for Better UK Data Protection Law (Open Rights Group, 8 May 2017), available at, Sarah Butler and Gwyn Topham, Uber Should Lost its Licence if it Doesnt Improve Workers Rights, Say Drivers (The Guardian, 9 May 2017), available at. Citations of statutes should not be italicised. ABC, para. If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by and others. Quotes less than 3 lines of text should appear in the body and be identified with double quotation marks (), with quotes within such quotes identified with single quotation marks (). Dont use popular titles of Acts, for example, Lord Campbells Act. ' The point of these citations is to direct your reader to the alphabetised reference list, where you give full information about each source. Finding credible sources Use search strategies to narrow down your results, and evaluate the sources that are appropriate for your assignment. Pila, J, The Value of Authorship in the Digital Environment in William H Dutton and Paul W Jeffreys (eds), 1. Knowing how to cite sources for assignments is a hugely important skill. 1) and appears after any punctuation like a comma or full stop: These footnotes contain full information on the source cited. For shorter essays, this is usually not necessary, but do check your institutions guidelines. Rose v Melanson (2005), 194 OAC 186 (Ont CA). In this first example the pinpoints are at the end to paragraphs 42 and 45 of the case: In this example for a secondary source the page number 131 is given at the end: For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 2.1.6 and OSCOLA 4.2.5. To indicate that words have been omitted from a quote, please use ellipses () without any spaces around them,e.g. Use ch. when referring to a chapter and vol. for a volume. Follow that example, tidying it up to make it consistent with OSCOLA styles (eg, change double quotes to single and full stops to commas, removing those that are unnecessary; change OED Online to italics; change Oxford University Press to OUP and put it before the date; and remove http:// from the web address and delete any text after the Entry number, then put angle brackets around the url): For other online dictionaries, follow the general advice above. Williams LJ. Analysis pieces and Case/Legislative comments are internally peer reviewed (one reviewer) by either a member of the SCRIPTed Editorial Board or Edinburgh Law School faculty/PhD candidates with particular experience and/or interest in the field. For more detailed information, see OSCOLA Appendix 4.2. You should cite the authors name first, followed by a comma, and then the title of the book in italics. You write HC Bill or HL Bill depending upon which house it is, and bill numbers for Commons bills appear in square brackets. Jack Caulfield. More than 3 authors For sources with multiple authors. An example of a typical case citation without a neutral citation is: When the year is used to identify the law report volume, you should always put it in square brackets. Lets look at the OSCOLA system in detail, and how you can cite a wide range of legal sources. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader". For a case, cite in full the first time. Javan Herberg, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989). Provide dates in the form 25January 2018. Summer School 2023 is filling up fast. hjI_a/wM )B=:iq~I# o )'E-e>(-2GYYp,e`3& +gn%=~/WE5k}}Vm*e,e^*zGnAy Use the short title and refer to specific sections of the Act eg. In a longer work, such as a thesis or dissertation, OSCOLA requires you to include tables listing any cases and legislation you cited, as well as a bibliography listing any secondary sources. The full citation need only be given at the first reference to the case, which should also provide the shorthand reference to be used in subsequent citations. If known, give the number of the page on which the article was published, after the brackets. If there is no author, cite the editor or translator as an author, adding in brackets after their name. Croft J, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010). Paragraph text should use 1.5 line spacing. Try to avoid secondary referencing as it is always preferable to use the original source and you should always try to locate this. Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). When you cite EU treaties and protocols, give the title of the legislation, followed by the year of publication, the OK series and the issue and page numbers. The names of publishers other than Cambridge University Press (CUP) and Oxford University Press (OUP) should be written in full. For subsequent citation of legislation, abbreviations are acceptable. Revised manuscript submissions received by the Managing Editor may be returned to Referees or may be assessed solely by the Managing Editor (having reference to the review and recommendations by the Referees). The standard requires providing the authors' names in full in references and in the reverse form with initials in footnotes. Institutions and inflows of foreign direct investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submission conforms to SCRIPTeds formatting style (see below and our Article and Book Review templates), and for ensuring that all citations are accurate. When you dont need to use the year to identify the law report volume, give the year of judgement (not publication) in round brackets. A submission will only be considered where the author warrants that their manuscript has not already been published or offered for publication elsewhere in whole, in part, or in substance (including on publicly accessible websites, such as SSRN). As with bills, write HC for the House of Commons and HL for the House of Lords. Paragraphs following headings are not indented, but continuing paragraphs are. So articles from journals without independently numbered volumes should follow the format: author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. Quotes within such quotes should be presented with double quotation marks (). for more details. For example: Shipping and Trading Interests (Protection) Act 1995. followed by their initials, page numbers are not included and there is no full stop at the end of the reference. For older statutes, you can give the regnal year and chapter number. To create a footnote in Microsoft Word, click your mouse on the place you Authors are invited to make submissions in any language, though consideration of them is subject to the Editorial Boards ability to locate an appropriate peer-reviewer in the subject language. You should abbreviate common words and phrases, for example: When you want to refer to something, use Re instead of, for example, In re or in the matter of. If the source has more than three authors, include the first author followed by ' et al. Use [ ] if the dateofpublication is needed to find the article eg. Certain older books are listed by OSCOLA as works of authority and given special abbreviated citations. OSCOLA referencing places citations in footnotes, which are marked in the text with footnote numbers: The judge referred to the precedent established by Caulfield v Baldwin.1. You can see that the Bill is cited by its title, the House in which it originated (here, House of Commons), and with the parliamentary session in brackets (here, 2008-09). You need to be very precise when using quotations. The examples below include a suggestion for citing the comments of a particular person. A law report is a published report on a judgement. Please use double quotation marks ( ) when defining a term for use in the article (e.g. World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization) and when quoting text that uses the American spelling. Scratan P and Chadwick K, 'Critical research', Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1992 establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables [2015] OJ L 290/12, HC Deb 3 February 1977, vol 389, cols 97376 40, Interview with Irene Kull, Assistant Dean, Faculty of Law, Tartu University (Tartu, Estonia, 4 August 2003), Letter from Gordon Brown to Lady Ashton (20 November 2009). SCRIPTeds in-house Article template should be used for all submissions except Book Reviews, i.e. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. Where there is no relevant advice elsewhere in OSCOLA, follow the general principles for secondary sources when citing websites and blogs. X argues that Y.1 NOT X argues that Y1.). If available online, include the URL and date of access. For specific references, include a comma, followed by p. and the page number. Capitalise the first letter of each major word of the title. Referees will recommend one of the following options: (1) accept outright for publication; (2) accept subject to minor modification; (3) accept subject to major modification; (4) reject outright. OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Generator Create an OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article Select a different Source Type See examples Share this: * Required Fields 1. Then give the title of the article within single quotation marks, and the publication information as follows: year of publication (in square brackets if it identifies the volume, in round brackets if there is a separate volume number). If you source a publication online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. University of California, Berkeley (ages 15-18), the name of the journal, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops. Communications (Isle of Man) Order 2020, SI 2020/149. [Accessed 10 June 2013]. You should refer to the year the Act was passed rather than the year it came into force. For a comprehensive list of legal abbreviations, use the Cardiff index. Cruft R, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637, Ben McFarlane and Donal Nolan, Remedying Reliance: The Future Development of Promissory and Proprietary Estoppel in English Law (Obligations III conference, Brisbane, July 2006), 1. If there are more than three authors, give the name of the first author followed by 'and others'. If no person, organisation or institution claims responsibility for the work, begin the citation with the title. Each source only needs to be listed once, even if you have referred to it multiple times. Taylor & Francis Standard Reference Style: OSCOLA The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities is designed to facilitate accurate citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal materials. Capitalisation is appropriate for names of persons, places, institutions and intellectual movements (e.g. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. 0 You need a date of publication or at least a date of access (ie when you looked at it), as they are generally updated regularly. For the OED online, open the full entry for the word, and click on the Cite button (top right above the definition). Articles from journals which do have independently numbered volumes should follow the format: author, | title | (year) | volume | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. If there is no clear author, give the organisation providing the source as the author. While the Copy Editor does NOT check the accuracy of citations, s/he reserves the right to make amendments considered necessary to achieve SCRIPTed stylistic and formatting standards, and may make changes with a view to (1) eliminating errors of typing, grammar, syntax, punctuation, spelling, and idiom, (2) eliminating ambiguity, illogicality, tautology, circumlocution and redundancy, (3) producing accuracy and coherence, and (4) improving the mode of expression and style of writing. Journal article Law / Act Newspaper article . More than one author If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. If there is no date of publication on the website, give only the date of access. When citing a case, youll usually begin with a neutral citation a way of referring to the case that does not relate to a particular report and then give the details of the report afterwards. In the Young example, 72 is the volume number. Make sure that the citation number is not italicised. And then it happens. Example: T opi ng S, Beck D a d Wils P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). Paul Craig, Theory, Pure Theory and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440, Griffith JAG, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42. If there is no obvious author/speaker, begin the citation with the title of the programme. when the previous footnote was also about that source), you can simply use ibid (Latin for in the same place): In this example, the second footnote also refers to Davis v Dignam, but to page 522 instead of page 519. accessed 17 November 2014. x and x, not x or x). Remove Additional Authors, Add a 4th Author For more details see3.4.3 OSCOLA 4th ed. It is a guide to legal citation developed by the Oxford Law Faculty and is an authoritative way to prepare legal citation in the UK academic world. See 3.3.4 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. Title | HC Bill | (session) | [number] OR title | HL Bill | (session) | number. For forthcoming articles, please include the title of the publication and (forthcoming), e.g. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Anderson W and Weatherburn P, 'Treatment Information Needs of People Living with HIV' (Research report Nam Publications 1996). hbbd``b`ADk$,A"z g $qYq# Oscola by Donal Nolan (Editor); Sandra Meredith (Editor); Faculty of Law, University of Oxford Staff Call Number: D 340.074 OSC ISBN: 9781849463676 Publication Date: 2012-04-26 Examples of citing sources using OSCOLA These are some examples of how you might cite some common legal materials using OSCOLA.