buccal exostosis cause buccal exostosis cause

Buccal exostosis is benign, broad-based surface masses of the outer or facial aspect of the maxilla and less commonly, the mandible. 442 0 obj The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Healing time is usually about three weeks. It has an irregular shape and is flat. The appearance of a lump in your mouth can be rather alarming, especially when you consider all the potential causes of the growth. Bruce I, Ndanu TA, Addo ME. Your healthcare provider will discuss with you any risks so you can make an informed decision. Youll be on a liquid diet for a day or two while your incisions start to heal. J Can Dent Assoc. When recurrent external otitis or hearing impairment results, however, surgical removal is indicated. Its important for you to tell your provider about all of your medications, including herbs and supplements. Pathologically, whether it is maxillary or mandibular tori, they are considered slow-growing, harmless and non-invasive. Accessibility Mandibular exostosis is a type of bony prominence caused due to hyperostosis in the mandibular bone. Large tori interfere with speech or causes slurring or slurred speech if it keeps growing in size. Buccal fat removal is a surgery to remove the fat in this area of your face. Could it be the result of an infection or something even more serious? Buccal fat removal is generally a safe procedure. Bony exostosis also may rarely occur on the buccal aspect of the maxilla or mandible (Buccal Exostosis) but is less reported than the dental tori. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. You can upload files and images in the next step. The differential diagnosis of a slow-growing unilateral lesion would not be tori at all but rather serious conditions like osteochondroma, osteoblastoma or sarcoma, especially if it is invasive or causing pain and paresthesia. found symptomatic gutter impingement in 2% of 194 ankles with prophylactic gutter resection and in 7% of 295 ankles without gutter resection. These fat pads help make up the shape of your face. PMC Removing this fat can highlight the bone structure in your face, especially your cheekbones and the hollowed-out areas between your cheeks and jawline. They are painless and self-limiting, but occasionally may become several centimeters across and then contribute to periodontal disease of the adjacent teeth by forcing food during chewing in toward the teeth instead of away from them, as is normally the case. In some cases clenching or grinding of teeth results in changes in the underlying bony architecture causing mandibular tori most frequently. -4 min read. Tori mandibularis: a case report and review of the literature. 2013 Nov;26(8):944-52. doi: 10.1002/ca.22275. Torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), and buccal exostosis are localised, benign, osseous projections, occurring in maxilla and mandible. Chandna S, Sachdeva S, Kochar D, Kapil H. J Indian Soc Periodontol. . Adequate resection of preexisting osteophytes and removal of all bone fragments from the joint margins can help prevent this complication. Numbness or sensation changes. 4767. (AAP) Frenum/Frenulum : A fold of mucous membrane tissue that attaches the lips and cheeks to the alveolar mucosa (and/or gingiva) and underlying periosteum (AAP). There has been some controversy regarding the ability to distinguish between the two lesions histologically. The exact cause of impingement has not been clearly defined, but several inciting factors have been suggested: prosthesis design, oversized tibial and talar components, undersized talar components, uncontrolled varus or valgus thrust, component loosening, residual gutter debris, undersized polyethylene thickness, and talar subsidence. A torus (plural: tori) is an exostosis that occurs in one of two locations intraorally. endobj Malocclusion occurs when the teeth do not align properly. You can return to normal activities when your provider says its OK usually after a few days to a week. Gradually, you can add soft foods to your diet as your provider says its OK. The cause of exostoses is Studies also indicate that the mandibular tori are not as prevalent compared to the maxillary palatal tori. The goal of my website is to educate other people about the importance of working with their dentist to take care of serious problems. Am I a good candidate for cheek reduction surgery? Removal of oral tori is done under anesthesia. Its also important to consider the possible benefits and risks of having plastic surgery. MeSH Buccal exostoses are benign, broad-based surface masses of the outer or facial aspect of the maxilla and less commonly, the mandible. Injury to facial nerves and/or salivary duct injury. This and other oral exostoses (torus mandibularis and torus maxillaris) are not a disease or a sign of disease, but, if large, may be a problem in the construction and wearing of dentures. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. In rare cases, the growth can also cause mild, though lingering, discomfort. Before EXT1 on 8q and EXT2 on 11p have both been cloned, and mutations in these genes account for approximately 70% of patients with multiple exostoses. For best outcomes, they may want you to stop smoking or using tobacco products prior to surgery. We discuss here a very rare case of a 49-year-old male, in which the buccal exostoses endobj Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies WebExostosis or hyperostoses are localized cortical bone growth on the mandible and maxilla. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Buccal exostoses are significant with regards to prosthodontics because they may interfere with denture insertion. (https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/news/external/2021/02/01/16/37/fat-loss-in-face-does-make-folks-look-older-study). Canalplasty has significant advantages over commonly employed transmeatal approaches by maximizing conservation of canal skin and providing surgical access to the anterior medial zone of the canal. Any indicated surgery should be delayed until the subperiosteal bone becomes mature, usually 4 to 6 months after injury; at that time, recurrence is less likely. 2021 Apr 9;21(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01550-y. Surgical excision provides the most acceptable long-term solution. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Careers. Etiology is still not established, but it has been suggested that the bony overgrowth can be because of abnormally increased masticatory forces to the teeth. If it's deemed necessary, how is a buccal exostosis removed? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. Bone cancers are very rare in adults. A person with hereditary multiple exostoses is at an increased risk of developing a bone cancer called chondrosarcoma. Exostosis causes a person to develop bony outgrowths from their bones. In some people, exostosis may not cause symptoms. During your procedure, you can expect the following: After your procedure, your healthcare provider will explain how to care for your incisions. In other cases, the location of the growth can make oral hygiene difficult because the buccal exostosis can block access to some of your teeth, meaning it's Also, due to limited oral hygiene control, if a tori gets ulcerated as brushing would become painful in that area, gum infections and sore throat or tonsil inflammation can also be a sequel of infections due to compromised. The specific cause of exostoses is uncertain, although they likely are related to both genetic factors and local stresses placed on the bone through occlusal function. 6.3). The following paper presents a very rare case of buccal-sided mandibular angle exoxtosis and its management with surgical exploration. Some risks associated with buccal fat removal surgery are: After your procedure, your provider will give you instructions on what to do to promote healing. An exostosis is a nodular protuberance of dense cortical bone. A very common cause of exostoses mouth is a bad bite, also known as malocclusion. Malocclusion occurs when the teeth do not align properly. When the teeth are not aligned, the jaw joint experiences a higher level of stress and tension. This occurs as the jaw joint moves into a torque position that then encourages the tori mouth bone growth. Our expert physicians and surgeons provide a full range of dermatologic, reconstructive and aesthetic treatments options at Cleveland Clinic. You will need stitches in your mouth (which will typically be removed at a follow-up appointment), and there will be some temporary dietary restrictions while the site of the surgery heals. For patients who do not respond to medical treatment, transmeatal surgical excision is warranted.179, David R. Tollafield, Trevor Prior, in Clinical Skills in Treating the Foot (Second Edition), 2005. They described using an open approach through a linear vertical incision directly over the involved gutter, which was debrided of all osseous and soft-tissue debris with power or hand instruments. Youll receive a local anesthetic to numb the skin on your face so you wont feel any pain. Visit other versions in US, UK, Australia, India, Philippines and Home Moreover, once the underlying exostosis has been removed, these tissues are often difficult to close because they are so friable. Also, buccal exostoses may be traumatized and interfere with oral hygiene procedures.2 Other exostoses such as mandibular and palatal tori may require surgical removal for prosthetic reasons. 6.4) and even from the petrous bone pyramid near the porus of the internal auditory canal (IAC). 8600 Rockville Pike Osteochondromas may be pedunculated (Fig. Palatine and mandibular tori.A morphologic study in the current Norwegian population. WebRecurrent bleeding from the mouth. Genetics may play a These lesions are often bilateral and asymptomatic. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;107:913. For either dental implants or post-extraction of teeth-in order to fill certain bony defects and traumatic bone -it requires autografts (harvesting graft from the patients own body wherein the donor site is from the jaw or ileac crest or symphysis of jaw). Samuel P. Nesbit, Shin-Mey (Rose) Geist, in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Dentistry (Third Edition), 2017. However, exostoses can arise from the cortical surface in other areas of the jaws, especially along the buccal aspect of the alveolar processes or palatal to the maxillary molars. What are the risks to having this procedure? The chief differential diagnosis is osteoma, which is a much less common lesion in this location. The .gov means its official. Theyll discuss with you what youd like to achieve from surgery, as well as what to expect during and after your procedure. Bookshelf Micrognathia (Small Lower Jaw) - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Naturally, any growth needs to be inspected, but when the lump is hard and slow-growing, your dentist might inform you that you've in fact developed a buccal exostosis. To elaborate about an exostosis or an osteoma - it is basically a benign outgrowth of new bone on top of the existing bone. Oral tori is usually removed before the fabrication of upper and lower dentures. FOIA Why do I have buccal exostosis? A Rare Case of Mandibular Exostoses and its Review. It can involve both u[per and lower jaw. Buccal fat removal is a surgery to remove the fat in this area of your face. Denture fabrication in older individuals is particularly difficult without the removal of tori, more so in the maxillary region as the stability of denture will be affected. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2000 Jul;90(1):48-53. doi: 10.1067/moe.2000.105905. 6.8). Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. Sickle Cell Disease - Screening and Marital Decisions. Principle and Practice of Oral Medicine; pp. WebCauses of Exostosis There are many different factors that can cause exostosis. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17305.7159. Bert De Foer MD, PhD, Jan W. Casselman MD, PhD, in Skull Base Imaging, 2018, Benign bony tumors of the EAC are exostoses and osteomas. Although surgical techniques involving the EAC have had little attention compared with other reconstructive procedures, they should be in the armamentarium of all otologic surgeons. 8600 Rockville Pike Yes, there are chances for the tori to grow back even after the removal. PMC If there is any diagnostic doubt, or the patient is anxious Current Clinical Dental Terminology; pp. Tori are harmless bony outgrowths in the oral cavity, but when they interfere with daily activities like talking, chewing, and wearing dentures, then dental management is strictly indicated. Exostoses of the EAC usually manifest without attendant compromise in function or clinical disease. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. hbbd```b``"WH<0Dr-D"l5@$[ Removal of tori is needed before the fabrication of upper and lower dentures in patients requiring complete dentures. Buccal The intact exostosis is a broad-based, moundlike, bony proliferation that is similar in color and texture to normal cortical bone. Concurrence of TP, TM, and exostosis in the same individual is very rare. An exostosis can be caused by many different things ranging from genetics to environmental stress. The relationship between Meckel's cartilage and the development of the human fetal mandible. These include: Genetic mutations Heredity Injuries Trauma such as from a car accident Disc sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal When the teeth are not aligned, the jaw joint experiences a higher level of stress and tension. Haploinsufficiency for the transcription factor TRPS1 is responsible for the trichorhinophalangeal phenotype (70) and haploinsufficiency for EXT1 is responsible for the multiple exostoses phenotype. Many patients with buccal or palatal exostoses also have palatal and/or mandibular tori. If you notice an abnormal taste in your mouth or suspect salivary gland damage. Some of the postulated causes include genetic factors,[4,5,6,7] environmental factors,[8,9,10] masticatory hyperfunction,[10,11,12,13,14] and continued growth. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Research shows children and young adults are more likely to experience exostosis. Fluoroscopy was used to confirm adequate resection. Recurrence is most commonly seen with mandibular tori. What kind of complications can I expect if things dont go as planned? During the period between the 10th to 13th week of intrauterine life, changes in the structure of the Meckel's cartilage and the protrusion of the medial lamina of the mandible onto the cartilage can result in the formation of such exostosis. WebHereditary multiple exostosis, also known as diaphyseal aclasis, is a genetic condition often passed down to a child by one parent, but it can also be caused by a genetic mutation, meaning it can occur on its own by a change. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. For example -when the tori in the mouth are covered by soft tissue due to long-standing presence in the jaw with constant friction, then the overlying oral mucosa tends to get ulcerated. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal version 12.066-7-prod. WebBuccal exostosis is bony prominence located on buccal side of alveolar ridge of maxilla or mandible. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Malocclusion Plain radiography is usually diagnostic. Oral tori affects 27 out of 1000 adults. To excise the exostosis, a midlateral incision (seeChapter 64) is made, the extensor apparatus is elevated, and the periosteum is incised laterally and carefully elevated from the underlying bone; care is taken not to tear the periosteum dorsally, preserving a smooth surface over which the extensor apparatus can glide. Before The most common and best-known exostoses of the jaws are the torus mandibularis and torus palatinus, which are discussed later in this chapter. Torus palatinus or palatal tori are more common in females than males. There are a variety of oral conditions that may be confused with exostoses. The possibility of tori existing in people with parafunctional habits like night grinding and clenching is also observed. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Schuberth etal. Surgical resection of dental tori are seldom recommended, but when they cause the above-enlisted problems or bleeding due to soft tissue outgrowths over the tori or oral health issues, then it needs to be removed by your dentist. Whats the recovery time after this procedure? Exostoses are by far more common than osteomas.2, Exostoses are broad-based lesions in the medial half of the EAC near the tympanic annulus. On MRI T2 weighted sequences the hyaline cartilage appears hyperintense with a good visualisation of its structural layers. It is commonly seen in maxilla than mandible, whereas the etiology remains unclear. This procedure is also sometimes called a cheek reduction. Fat Loss in Face Does Make Folks Look Older: Study. Such lesions are more common in males and may be unilateral or bilateral. Rodrguez-Vzquez JF, Sakiyama K, Verdugo-Lpez S, Amano O, Murakami G, Abe S. Clin Anat. Brad W. Neville DDS, Angela C. Chi DMD, in Color Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, 2019. These authors caution, however, that radiographic determination of true gutter impingement often is obscure, subjective, and difficult to correlate with clinical examination. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Cranio. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses: case report and review of the literature. Oral tori are most commonly observed among Hispanics, followed by the African -Americans population. The cause is not yet known. WebExostosis/Exostoses: A benign, bony growth projecting outward from the surface of a bone. Exostoses are benign protuberances of bone that may arise on the cortical surface of the jaws (eFigure 2-16). Buccal-sided mandibular angle exostosis - A rare case report. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. We report a case of a 22-year female patient manifesting concurrence of TP, bilateral TM, and maxillary buccal exostoses; with possible association of abnormal occlusal stresses and use of calcium and vitamin D supplements. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19937328/), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information. An incision is made into the gingival tissue, exposing the buccal exostosis, which is then removed. 1.1. The specific cause of exostoses is uncertain, although they likely are related to both genetic factors and local stresses placed on the bone through occlusal function. People with bruxism may have temporomandibular joint disorders or severe headaches due to the grinding of teeth. With any surgery, you must weigh the risks and the potential benefits of having the procedure. An official website of the United States government. The tori remain harmless and do not require dental management only so long as they do not cause these below explained issues. It usually WebThe specific cause of exostoses is uncertain, although they likely are related to both genetic factors and local stresses placed on the bone through occlusal function. Tori most often do not require any form of surgical management, usually owing to the fact that it goes unnoticed in patients. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31819785/). What Is the Clinical Presentation Of Oral Tori? 530 0 obj MeSH [Spontaneous exposition of a midline palatal torus]. In the middle ear, they can give rise to conductive hearing loss caused by impingement on the ossicles. Policy. The oral tori is removed using laser surgery or surgical burs under local or general anesthesia. They, however, do tend to create these issues in such cases: Despite the multiple disadvantages of having this dental exostosis or tori, they are an important asset for being used as autogenous bone grafts for dental procedures. When most people spot a gorgeous, bright smile, they usually assume that the person was born with perfect teeth. National Library of Medicine Theyll take basic health information such as your blood pressure and discuss any current medications you take. Yes, the larger oral tori of the mandible can result in sleep apnea due to a decrease in the airway by occupying the tongue space. It's not a tumor, nor is it likely to affect your quality of life. Contemp Clin Dent. The Placeks Classification of Labial Frenal Attachments (Devishree et. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Anatomy of the buccal fat pad and its clinical significance. Overgrowth of bone around the medial and lateral margins of the prosthesis (gutter impingement) is being more commonly recognized as a cause of pain after TAA (Fig. 10.23). Occasionally they become large enough to cause obstruction of the EAC with retention of debris. PMC It is done under anesthesia and it is not painful. Growth movements during prenatal development of human facial morphology. Torus mandibularis appears on the lingual surface of the mandible near the canines and premolars and may be unilateral or bilateral. They may give you a special mouth rinse to help with healing and prevent infection. Growth may continue until skeletal maturity. Subungual exostoses cause pain under the nail and, in more severe forms, footwear-fitting difficulties (see Fig. A very common cause of exostoses mouth is a bad bite, also known as malocclusion. Orliaguet T, Dechelotte P, Scheye T, Vanneuville G. Surg Radiol Anat. 2011 Jul;2(3):237-9. doi: 10.4103/0976-237X.86476. 1998. 1997 Apr-Jun;17(2):80-5. Tori and exostoses have been associated with parafunctional occlusal habits, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, migraine and consumption of fish. It is usually found along the alveoli or on the hard palate and depending on the location and extent; they can be classified as torus mandibularis (TM), torus palatinus (TP), buccal, or lingual maxillary exostosis. Of 30 patients with postoperative impingement treated with only 1 gutter debridement procedure, 71% had excellent or good results. -, Haugen LK. Your provider will press gently on the fat pads to further expose them, then cut and remove the fat pads. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Buccal fat is the fat between your cheekbones and jaw bones that help make up the shape of your face. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Everyone has buccal fat, but some people have more than others. The bone is covered by a layer of periosteum with overlying thin skin. If an exostosis is large enough, a relatively increased density of the bone might be noticed on radiographs. In the mandible, the origin of tori is from the inner aspect of the alveolar bone of the mandible above the origin of the mylohyoid muscle. Talk to your healthcare provider about your options. Andreas Adam CBE, MB, BS(Hons), PhD, PhD (hon caus), DSc (hon caus), FRCP, FRCR, FRCS, FFRRCSI(Hon), FRANZCR(Hon), FACR(Hon), FMedSci, in Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, 2021. Osteomas are much rarer and are situated in the lateral part of the EAC. -, Kerdpon D, Sirirungrojying S. A Clinical Study of oral tori in southern Thailand: prevalence and the relation to parafunctional activity. Acta Odontol Scand. Does anything need to be done about it? What Are the Alternatives to Wearing Glasses - Refractive Surgery | Implantable Contact Lenses | Contact Lenses. Eksostosis biasanya government site. Careers. They begin to develop in early adulthood Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Some observers consider the lesions to be histologically different,178-181 whereas others do not find the microscopic features sufficiently distinctive to warrant separation.182, Medical treatment resolves the symptomatic external otitis and the related hearing loss. These oral exostoses are usually composed of mature dense cancellous bone with a rim of cortical bone of variable thickness ( 1 , 2 ). For this reason, many people opt for removal simply for cosmetic purposes. 2016 Jan;10(1):AJ01-2. Are otherwise healthy and have a stable weight. While the issue may have been diagnosed, what exactly is a buccal exostosis? Palatal exostoses occur along the lingual aspect of the maxillary molars. 2016;57(1):139-44. Growth after maturity suggests malignant degeneration, which occurs in 1% of solitary exostoses and between 3 and 5% of MHEs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. A cut is given in the soft tissue overlying the tori to expose the tori. RobersonJr., Rodney Perkins, in Otologic Surgery (Third Edition), 2010. 4112. Pynn BR, Kurys-Kos NS, Walker DA, Mayhall JT. When the maxillary or mandibular tori are covered by fibrous tissue or cartilage, or soft tissue, they are further prone to tissue irritation. Exostosis was not in the family as the patient didnt mention any that any family member had gingival overgrowth. Keywords: There are a variety of oral conditions that may WebSome risks associated with buccal fat removal surgery are: Infection at the incision site. It is caused bytraumatic subperiosteal hemorrhage that eventually ossifies. Careers. Among these one is the genetic factor. Concurrence of TP, TM, and exostosis in the same individual is very rare. No, oral tori are usually non-cancerous or benign and do not cause any harm. Keywords: But what sort of problems can the growth cause? Osteochondromas are developmental anomalies resulting from physeal cartilage that has been displaced to the metaphyseal region, the knee being the most common site. Causes. The gross appearance of exostoses is usually better appreciated by the surgeon, because only fragments are available to the pathologist in most cases. An official website of the United States government. Hereditary exostoses (EXT) is an autosomal dominant disorder that has been shown to be heterogenous on molecular grounds. Are Oral Tori Slow-Growing? WebHowever, exostoses can arise from the cortical surface in other areas of the jaws, especially along the buccal aspect of the alveolar processes or palatal to the maxillary molars. Do not delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice because of something you have read on this website. Mandibular tori can be bilaterally present in a few cases Torus palatinus are rare as compared to the torus mandibularis. In other cases, the location of the growth can make oral hygiene difficult because the buccal exostosis can block access to some of your teeth, meaning it's rather complicated to clean these teeth properly. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. hb```b``Vg`c`\ ,@QmM'. Carl OB. Medsinge SV, Kohad R, Budhiraja H, Singh A, Gurha S, Sharma A. Morphological and clinical characteristics of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in a sample of young and adults' Romanian people. In such cases, as these tori are quite firm and dense in origin, this extra tissue is hence useful as being an ideal autogenous bone graft material. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Top Causes Of Bad Breath Issues In Children, Early Indicators Your Child Has A Tooth Decay Problem, How What You Eat Affects Your Dental Health. You never know what you might find behind that back molar, but with the help of a dentist, you can tackle just about any problem. Local pressure effects on adjacent structures, deformity and shortening may result, particularly in MHE. Buccal and palatal exostoses: prevalence and concurrence with tori. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses: case report and review of the literature. WebExostoses are bony protuberances that occur on the buccal aspect of the mandibular or maxillary alveolus (Figure 8). Saint Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company; 1974. It is a painless surgical procedure. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Your provider will let you know if you need to come back for suture removal after your procedure. Theyll also ask you general questions about your overall health, such as your family health history and any past surgeries youve had. Radiographs that reveal negative results during the first few weeks after injury later reveal subperiosteal new bone located on the dorsum of the phalanx. Joseph B. It is likely that no single factor is responsible and that the cause of impingement is multifactorial. Buccal exostoses (buttressing bone) appear as a bilateral row of smooth bony nodules along the facial alveolar process of the mandible and/or maxilla. Bookshelf The tissues overlying the exostosis will be thin, dystrophic, and difficult to reflect. WebRetrocalcaneal exostosis has no definitive cause, but various probable causes like a tight Achilles tendon, a high arch of the foot, and heredity have been proposed. Laser therapy for the removal of tori is a completely safe and painless procedure. Aggressive gutter clean-out has been recommended as critical in reducing postoperative pain and gaining adequate postoperative motion. They can provide recommendations tailored to your specific goals and discuss any risks for the procedure. If youre having more than one procedure done at the same time, you may receive general.